'Pushing this competition': SpaceX's Starship might not fly on NASA's newly revamped Artemis 3 mission

NASA's Artemis 3 mission will no longer land astronauts on the moon —and it might not involve SpaceX's Starship megarocket, either.

Activities aboard the International Space Station continue to provide valuable data for long-duration spaceflight and microgravity research. Astronauts conduct experiments across multiple scientific disciplines including biology, materials science, fluid physics, and human physiology.

The experiences and experiments conducted by astronauts in orbit are essential for planning future missions to the Moon, Mars, and beyond. Research on bone density loss, muscle atrophy, radiation exposure, and psychological effects of isolation directly informs mission design and crew health protocols for deep space exploration.

Life aboard the ISS also demonstrates international cooperation in space, with crew members from multiple nations working together on shared scientific goals. This orbital laboratory serves as a testbed for technologies and procedures that will be critical for establishing permanent human outposts on other worlds.